A segurança dos alimentos nos Centros de Tradições Gaúchas do Rio Grande do Sul / Food safety in the Centros de Tradições Gaúchas of Rio Grande do Sul

Os Centros de Tradições Gaúchas (CTG) são entidades de divulgação e perpetuação da cultura do Rio Grande do Sul. A produção de refeições nessas entidades ocorre nos ensaios dos grupos de danças tradicionais e nos eventos oferecidos à comunidade, como jantares. Sabendo do impacto das doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTA) na saúde humana, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a adequação dos CTG às boas práticas para manipulação de alimentos (BPM), explorar quem são os responsáveis pelas atividades de manipulação de alimentos e identificar a frequência e o número da produção de refeições servidas nessas instituições. A Portaria SES-RS nº 78/2009 e um questionário de coleta de dados dos grupos de dança e da produção de refeições foram aplicados em 5 CTG do Rio Grande do Sul. Outros 17 CTG do estado responderam a um segundo questionário, semelhante ao primeiro, com adição de perguntas sobre controle sanitário. Obteve-se uma média de adequação às BPM de 38% entre os CTG. Verificou-se que são servidas, em média, 4 refeições por semana entre os ensaios das invernadas artísticas próximos a competições. Em 36% dos CTG, ocorrem de 2 a 3 eventos por trimestre com produção de refeições. Em 45% dos CTG, são servidas de 100 a 200 pessoas nos eventos. Em relação aos trabalhos na cozinha, apenas 23,5% dos CTG têm como responsáveis dessas atividades pessoas devidamente capacitadas. Sendo os CTG instituições sem fins lucrativos, a criação de programas para a garantia do alimento seguro nesses espaços se faz necessária.

Centros de Tradições Gaúchas (CTG) are entities for the dissemination and perpetuation of Rio Grande do Sul culture. The production of meals in these entities takes place in the rehearsals of traditional dance groups and in events offered to the community, such as dinners. Knowing the impact of the foodborne diseases in human health, the objective of this work is to identify the adequacy of CTG to good food handling practices, to explore who are responsibles for food handling activities and identify the frequency and number of meals served in these institutions. The Portaria SES-RS No. 78/2009 and a questionnaire for data collection from dance groups and meals production were applied in 5 CTG in Rio Grande do Sul. Another 17 CTG in the state answered a second questionnaire, similar to the first, with the addition of questions about sanitary control. The average compliance with good practices was 38% among the CTG. It was found that, on average, 4 meals are served per week between rehearsals of the dance groups close to competitions. In 36% of the CTG, 2 to 3 events are held per quarter with production of meals. In 45% of the CTG, the number of people served at the events varies from 100 to 200. Regarding the work in the kitchen, only 23.5% of the CTG have duly trained people for these activities. Given that CTG are non-profit institutions, the creation of programs to ensure food safety in these spaces is necessary.

Consensus of the Brazilian association of hematology, hemotherapy and cellular therapy on patient blood management: Inadvertent intraoperative hypothermia.

Hemostasis plays a critical role in surgical procedures and is essential for a successful outcome. Advances in hemostatic agents offer new approaches to controlling bleeding thereby making surgeries safer. The appropriate choice of these agents is crucial. Volume replacement, another integral part of Patient Blood Management (PBM), maintains adequate tissue perfusion, preventing cellular damage. Individualization in fluid administration is vital with the choice between crystalloids and colloids depending on each case. Colloids, unlike crystalloids, increase oncotic pressure, contributing to fluid retention in the intravascular space. Understanding these aspects is essential to ensure safe and effective surgery, minimizing complications related to blood loss and maintaining the patient's hemodynamic status.

Consensus of the Brazilian association of hematology, hemotherapy and cellular therapy on patient blood management: Acute normovolemic hemodilution and intraoperative autotransfusion.

Autologous blood transfusion can be achieved through different techniques, including by the patient donating blood before surgery (pre-deposit), collecting blood from the patient immediately before the operation and replacing the volume with colloids or plasma expanders (acute normovolemic hemodilution) or through the salvage of lost blood, during or immediately after surgery, and its retransfusion after washing (intraoperative or postoperative recovery). We will focus on the two methods used intraoperatively that are of fundamental importance in the management and conservation of the patient's own blood.

Consensus of the Brazilian association of hematology, hemotherapy and cellular therapy on patient blood management: Intraoperative hemostasis and volume replacement.

Hemostasis plays a critical role in surgical procedures and is essential for a successful outcome. Advances in hemostatic agents offer new approaches to controlling bleeding thereby making surgeries safer. The appropriate choice of these agents is crucial. Volume replacement, another integral part of Patient Blood Management (PBM), maintains adequate tissue perfusion, preventing cellular damage. Individualization in fluid administration is vital with the choice between crystalloids and colloids depending on each case. Colloids, unlike crystalloids, increase oncotic pressure, contributing to fluid retention in the intravascular space. Understanding these aspects is essential to ensure safe and effective surgery, minimizing complications related to blood loss and maintaining the patient's hemodynamic status.

Comparative analysis of sediment quality indices using different reference values in an environmental protection area in Southeastern Brazil.

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a concerning environmental issue, given their persistence, toxicity potential, and ability to accumulate in living organisms. Several studies have been conducted to assess the contamination of aquatic ecosystems by PTEs, using pollution and ecological risk indices that rely on the concentration of these elements in aquatic sediments. However, many of these studies use global reference values for calculating the indices, which can lead to misleading interpretations due to substantial variations in PTEs concentrations influenced by the geological characteristics of each region. Therefore, the use of regional reference values is more appropriate when available. This study aimed to investigate variations in the results of five indices, employing global, regional, and quality reference values, based on sediment samples collected from rivers in the Ipanema National Forest, a protected area in Brazil exposed to various anthropogenic pressures. The results revealed that elements such as Al, Fe, and Mn exceeded the limits allowed by legislation in water samples, while As and Cr surpassed the limits in sediment samples. Comparative analysis highlighted significant discrepancies in the results of the indices when global reference values were used compared to regional and quality reference values, especially for As and Ba. Thus, this study underscores the importance of establishing specific regional values for an accurate assessment of sediment quality and the risks associated with contamination by PTEs in different regions worldwide.

Urban river recovery: a systematic review on the effectiveness of water clean-up programs.

Urban rivers are affected at different levels by the intensification of human activities, representing a serious threat to the maintenance of terrestrial life and sustainable urban development. Consequently, great efforts have been dedicated to the ecological restoration of urban rivers around the world, as a solution to recovering the environmental functionality of these environments. In this sense, the present work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of interventions carried out aimed at the recovery of urban rivers, through a systematic review of the literature between 2010 and 2022, using the search term "rivers recovery." The results showed that there have been notable advances in the implementation of river recovery programs in urban areas around the world between the years analyzed. The ecosystems studied were affected, for the most part, by the increase in the supply of nutrients from domestic and industrial effluents, in addition to having highly urbanized surroundings and with several changes in land use patterns. The preparation of this literature review made it possible to demonstrate that the effectiveness of river recovery is extremely complex, since river recovery projects are developed for different reasons, as well as being carried out in different ways according to the intended objective.

Consensus of the Brazilian association of hematology, hemotherapy and cellular therapy on patient blood management: Management of critical bleeding.

The management of major bleeding is a critical aspect of modern healthcare and it is imperative to emphasize the importance of applying Patient Blood Management (PBM) principles. Although transfusion support remains a vital component of bleeding control, treating severe bleeding goes beyond simply replacing lost blood. A more comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimize patient outcomes and minimize the risks associated with excessive transfusions.

Consensus of the Brazilian association of hematology, hemotherapy and cellular therapy on patient blood management: Antifibrinolytics.

The use of strategies to reduce blood loss and transfusions is essential in the treatment of surgical patients, including in complex cardiac surgeries and those that use cardiopulmonary bypass. Antifibrinolytics, such as epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (TXA), are widely used in these procedures, as well as in other types of surgeries. These medicines are included in the World Health Organization (WHO) list of 'essential medicines'. Scientific evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of EACA in reducing bleeding and the need for transfusions in heart surgery. EACA is highly recommended for use in heart surgery by the American Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on Perioperative Blood Management. Regarding the safety of EACA, there is no robust evidence of any significant thrombotic potential. TXA has also been shown to be effective in reducing the use of blood transfusions in cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries and is considered safer than other antifibrinolytic agents. There is no evidence of any increased risk of thromboembolic events with TXA, but doses greater than 2 g per day have been associated with an increased risk of seizures. It is also important to adjust the dose in patients with renal impairment. In conclusion, antifibrinolytics, such as EACA and TXA, are effective in reducing blood loss and transfusion use in cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries, without causing serious adverse effects.

Oral maxillofacial surgeons and Orthodontists’ perceptions about anterior inferior crowding and indications of mandibular third molar extraction / Percepciones de los cirujanos maxilofaciales y ortodoncistas sobre el apiñamiento anteroinferior y las indicaciones de la extracción del tercer molar mandibular

Background: There are still many doubts about anterior inferior crowding and indications of mandibular third molar extraction, although it is very studied subject in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of oral maxillofacial surgeons (OMFSs) and orthodontists about anterior inferior crowding and indications of mandibular third molar extraction. Material and Methods: A web-based survey was developed and sent to professionals in order to collect their opinion about the fact that third lower molars cause crowding and questions about the indication of third molars for orthodontic treatment. Descriptive analysis was performed and Chi-square or G tests were applied with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The study included a total of 218 participants, of whom 115 were OMFSs and 103 were orthodontists. The results showed that 56.5% of OMFSs and 35.0% of orthodontists believe that the lower third molars cause anterior inferior crowding (p<0.001). A total of 91.3% of OMFSs and 70.9% of orthodontists indicate the extraction of lower third molars to aid orthodontic treatment (p<0.001). Conclusions: It can be concluded that in being an oral maxillofacial surgeon, a higher odds ratio is observed to consider that lower third molars cause dental crowding compared to those who are orthodontist. The indication of exodontia of lower third molars for orthodontic treatment was more frequent among OMFSs when compared to orthodontists.(AU)

A Retrospective Analysis of Safety in Participants Treated with a Hybrid Hyaluronic Acid and Calcium Hydroxyapatite Filler.

Background: Limited long-term safety data are published on HA/CaHA/L, a hybrid dermal filler combining hyaluronic acid (HA), calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), and lidocaine (L). Methods: This retrospective multicenter study assessed treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in adults treated with HA/CaHA/L. The full analysis set (FAS) included eligible consented adults (N = 403); the long-term safety analysis (LTSA) set included FAS participants with greater than or equal to 12-months HA/CaHA/L exposure (n = 243). Results: Participants were majority female (94.0%), with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes II/III (80.1%) and a mean age of 50.1 years. Most participants (86.4%) received one HA/CaHA/L treatment. The median time between participants' first HA/CaHA/L treatment and chart review was 15.4 months. Participants received a mean of 2.2 mL (0.5-8.9 mL) filler per treatment. Treated areas were predominantly malar (71.2%) and mandible (69.7%) regions. Most participants (95.0%) had one or more aesthetic treatments other than HA/CaHA/L [eg, other dermal fillers (84.1%), botulinum toxin (63.3%)]. Nineteen (4.7%) FAS participants had 20 documented TEAEs; most (3.5%, n = 14 participants) were mild in severity. Twelve TEAEs in 11 participants (2.7%) were related to HA/CaHA/L: induration (three, 0.7%), edema (3, 0.7%), and implant site nodules (five, 1.2%), which were noninflammatory and likely related to product placement. Among the LTSA, 15 (6.2%) participants had 16 documented TEAEs (six edema, five implant site nodules, one inflammation, three skin induration, one hypersensitivity); most were mild in severity. Nine TEAEs in eight participants (3.3%) were HA/CaHA/L-related. No treatment-emergent serious AEs were reported. Conclusion: The data from this noninterventional retrospective study support the favorable longer term (>12 month) safety profile of HA/CaHA/L.

Kisspeptin-10 Improves Testicular Redox Status but Does Not Alter the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) That Is Downregulated by Hypothyroidism in a Rat Model.

Hypothyroidism compromises the testicular redox status and is associated with reduced sperm quality and infertility in men. In this regard, studies have demonstrated the antioxidant potential of kisspeptin in reproductive and metabolic diseases. In this study, we evaluate the effects of kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) on the testicular redox, as well as mediators of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in adult rats with hypothyroidism. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly separated into the Control (n = 15), Hypo (n = 13) and Hypo + Kp10 (n = 14) groups, and hypothyroidism was induced with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) for three months. In the last month, half of the hypothyroid animals received Kp10. Testis samples were collected for enzymatic, immunohistochemical and/or gene evaluation of mediators of oxidative stress (TBARs, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), ROS, peroxynitrite, SOD, CAT and GPX), endoplasmic reticulum stress (GRP78, ATF6, PERK, CHOP, HO-1 and sXBP1) and antiapoptocytes (BCL-2). Hypothyroidism increased apoptosis index, TBARS and LOOH concentrations, and reduced testicular gene expression of Sod1, Sod2 and Gpx1, as well as the expression of Grp78, Atf6, Ho1 and Chop. Treatment with Kp10, in turn, reduced testicular apoptosis and the production of peroxynitrite, while increased SOD1 and GPX ½ expression, and enzymatic activity of CAT, but did not affect the lower expression of UPR mediators caused by hypothyroidism. This study demonstrated that hypothyroidism causes oxidative stress and dysregulated the UPR pathway in rat testes and that, although Kp10 does not influence the low expression of UPR mediators, it improves the testicular redox status, configuring it as an important antioxidant factor in situations of thyroid dysfunction.

A spatiotemporal analysis of bovine brucellosis cases in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, from 2011 to 2018.

Our study explored the patterns of bovine brucellosis dissemination in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, by examining data on passive surveillance of bovine brucellosis cases from the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuaria (IMA) (Animal Health Authority), as well as cattle population and bovine brucellosis testing, from 2011 to 2018 by means of a spatiotemporal analysis. We plotted cases, populations and testing distributions and performed spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I test) and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) analyses. Moreover, we assessed the correlation of the spatial distribution and the compiled data (brucellosis cases, cattle populations, and brucellosis testing) by Lee's test. Our results showed that bovine brucellosis cases occurred mainly in the Triângulo Mineiro, Alto Paranaíba and Northwest regions, which reported cases in all analyzed years (2011 to 2018). The cattle population of Minas Gerais was concentrated in the same regions as bovine brucellosis cases, and the performed tests through the analyzed years (2011 to 2018). Moran's I test results of the case data showed significant spatial autocorrelation in 2011, 2015 and 2018 (p value < 0.05), and from 2011 to 2018, the population and testing data were also significant in Moran's I test (p value < 0.01). The results of cluster analysis (LISA) of cases showed clusters mainly in the Triângulo Mineiro, Alto Paranaíba, Northwest and South regions in 2011, 2015 and 2018. The local clusters for cattle populations and brucellosis testing were also observed in the same regions as bovine brucellosis cases in all years (2011 to 2018). The correlation results between clusters (Lee's test) were 0.22 (p value < 0.01) in 2011, 0.15 (p value < 0.01) in 2015 and 0.43 (p value <0.01) in 2018 between cases and populations, and 0.25 (p value <0.01) in 2011, 0.14 (p value <0.01) in 2015 and 0.38 (p value < 0.01) in 2018 for testing and cases. Therefore, our results showed that brucellosis cases were distributed together with cattle populations and brucellosis testing data, indicating that brucellosis in cattle in Minas Gerais state is being identified where there are more animals and where more tests are performed.

Evaluation of Expanded 2-Aminobenzothiazole Library for Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Phenotypes.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a rapidly increasing threat to human health. New strategies to combat resistant organisms are desperately needed. One potential avenue is targeting two-component systems, which are the main bacterial signal transduction pathways used to regulate development, metabolism, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. These systems consist of a homodimeric membrane-bound sensor histidine kinase, and a cognate effector, the response regulator. The high sequence conservation in the catalytic and adenosine triphosphate-binding (CA) domain of histidine kinases and their essential role in bacterial signal transduction could enable broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Through this signal transduction, histidine kinases regulate multiple virulence mechanisms including toxin production, immune evasion, and antibiotic resistance. Targeting virulence, as opposed to development of bactericidal compounds, could reduce evolutionary pressure for acquired resistance. Additionally, compounds targeting the CA domain have the potential to impair multiple two-component systems that regulate virulence in one or more pathogens. We conducted structure-activity relationship studies of 2-aminobenzothiazole-based inhibitors designed to target the CA domain of histidine kinases. We found these compounds have anti-virulence activities in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, reducing motility phenotypes and toxin production associated with the pathogenic functions of this bacterium.

Exploring colorant production by amazonian filamentous fungi: Stability and applications.

The aim of this study was to investigate the production, stability and applicability of colorants produced by filamentous fungi isolated from soil samples from the Amazon. Initially, the isolates were evaluated in a screening for the production of colorants. The influences of cultivation and nutritional conditions on the production of colorants by fungal isolates were investigated. The colorants produced by selected fungal isolates were chemically characterized using the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry technique. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, stability evaluation and applicability of the colorants were investigated. As results, we observed that the isolates Penicillium sclerotiorum P3SO224, Clonostachys rosea P2SO329 and Penicillium gravinicasei P3SO332 stood out since they produced the most intense colorants. Compounds produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum P3SO224 and Clonostachys rosea P2SO329 were identified as sclerotiorin and penicillic acid. The colorant fraction (EtOAc) produced by these species has antimicrobial activity, stability at temperature and at different pHs, stability when exposure to light and UV, and when exposed to different concentrations of salts, as well as being nontoxic and having the ability to dye fabrics and be used as a pigment in creams and soap. Considering the results found in this study, it was concluded that fungi from the soil in the Amazon have the potential to produce colorants with applications in the textile and pharmaceutical industries.

Molecular biomarkers in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and clinical relevance.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of cancer in men and assessing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by liquid biopsy is a promising tool to help in cancer early detection, staging, risk of recurrence evaluation, treatment prediction and monitoring. Blood-based liquid biopsy approaches enable the enrichment, detection and characterization of CTCs by biomarker analysis. Hence, comprehending the molecular markers, their role on each stage of cancer development and progression is essential to provide information that can help in future implementation of these biomarkers in clinical assistance. In this review, we studied the molecular markers most associated with PCa CTCs to better understand their function on tumorigenesis and metastatic cascade, the methodologies utilized to analyze these biomarkers and their clinical significance, in order to summarize the available information to guide researchers in their investigations, new hypothesis formulation and target choice for the development of new diagnostic and treatment tools.

A formação em saúde coletiva nos cursos de fonoaudiologia de instituições públicas do Nordeste: um estudo a partir das matrizes curriculares / Public health training in public institutions' speech-language-hearing programs in Northeastern Brazil: a curricular framework study

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as características da formação inicial em saúde coletiva de fonoaudiólogos do Nordeste do Brasil. Método A pesquisa foi realizada com base nas matrizes curriculares de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas do Nordeste a partir das quais foram analisados dados gerais dos cursos de Fonoaudiologia de cada Instituição ー estado em que está localizado, carga horária total e última reformulação de matriz curricular; e dados que diziam respeito especificamente às disciplinas relacionadas à Saúde Coletiva ー carga horária de cada disciplina, semestre de oferta, conteúdo da ementa, caráter teórico, prático, teórico-prático ou estágio, se obrigatória ou optativa. Resultados Os dados revelam que existem oito IES públicas do nordeste que oferecem o curso de Fonoaudiologia, sendo que os Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos datam de 2009 a 2021. A Carga Horária (CH) total das disciplinas vinculadas à área de Saúde Coletiva varia de 7,5% a 20,5% da CH total dos cursos analisados. A maioria destas disciplinas é eletiva, tem caráter teórico e é ofertada na primeira metade da formação. Conclusão A formação inicial em saúde coletiva de fonoaudiólogos de IES públicas do nordeste parece ainda estar embasada em práticas tradicionais, que acabam distanciando os discentes do campo da saúde coletiva e de práticas que atendam os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde, e as reais necessidades da população, especialmente na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the characteristics of the initial public health training for speech-language-hearing therapists in Northeastern Brazil. Methods The research was based on the curricular framework of public higher education institutions in the Northeast. The analysis approached each institution's general speech-language-hearing program data (state where it is located, total course load, and most recent curricular framework reformulation) and specific data on public health courses (their individual course load, the term when it is offered, syllabus content, whether it was theoretical, practical, both, or internship, and whether it was required or elective). Results The data show that eight public higher education institutions in the Northeast offer speech-language-hearing programs, whose pedagogical frameworks date from 2009 to 2021. The total course load of those related to public health ranges from 7.5% to 20.5% of the total program among those analyzed. Most courses were elective, exclusively theoretical, and were offered in the first half of the program. Conclusion The initial public health training for speech-language-hearing therapists in public higher education institutions in the Northeast still seems to be based on traditional practices. These create a distance between students, public health, and practices that meet the principles of Health Unic System (in Portuguese - Sistema Único de Saúde) and the population's real needs, especially in primary healthcare

Fatores associados ao autocuidado praticado por pessoas com estomias de eliminação / Factors associated with self-care practiced by people with intestinal elimination stomas / Factores asociados al autocuidado practicado por personas con estomas de eliminación

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores associados ao autocuidado praticado por pessoas com estomias de eliminação. Método: estudo transversal analítico, baseado nas respostas de 153 pessoas com estomia de eliminação, atendidas em um ambulatório de referência no cuidado de pessoas com estomas, no município de Teresina. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um formulário semiestruturado com dados demográficos e acerca do autocuidado. Os dados foram analisados mediante estatística descritiva e inferencial. O teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson foi utilizado na análise inferencial. Resultados: o esvaziamento da bolsa, limpeza do estoma, secagem da pele periestoma, descolamento da placa, medição do estoma, realização do molde, adaptação, autoestima e isolamento social apresentaram associação significativa com o autocuidado (p<0,05). Conclusão: evidenciou-se que os fatores associados ao autocuidado foram os cuidados com o estoma e com o equipamento coletor, além dos impactos na autoestima e na vida social.

Objective: to evaluate the factors associated with self-care practiced by people with elimination stomas. Method: analytical cross-sectional study, based on the responses of 153 people with elimination stoma, treated at a reference outpatient clinic for the care of people with stoma, in the city of Teresina. Data collection took place through a semi-structured form with demographic data and about self-care. Analyzes were performed using inferential statistics, using the chi-square test. Results: Emptying the pouch, cleaning the stoma, drying the peristomal skin, detaching the plaque, measuring the stoma, making the mold, fitting, , self-esteem and social isolation were significantly associated with self-care (p<0.05). Conclusion: it was evident that the factors associated with self-care were care for the stoma and the collection equipment, in addition to the impacts on self-esteem and social life.

Objetivo: evaluar los factores asociados al autocuidado practicado por personas con estomas de eliminación. Método: estudio transversal analítico, basado en las respuestas de 153 personas con estoma de eliminación, atendidos en un ambulatorio de referencia para la atención de personas con estoma, en la ciudad de Teresina. Se realizó la recolección de datos a través de un formulario semiestructurado con datos demográficos y sobre autocuidado. Los datos se analizaron utilizando estadística descriptiva e inferencial, utilizando la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: vaciar la bolsa, limpiar la estoma, secar la piel periestomal, despegar la placa, medir la estoma, hacer el molde, adaptarlo, vaciar la bolsa, la autoestima y el aislamiento social se asociaron significativamente con el autocuidado (p<0,05). Conclusión: se evidenció que los factores asociados al autocuidado fueron el cuidado de la estoma y del equipo de recolección, además de los impactos en la autoestima y la vida social.

Public health training in public institutions' speech-language-hearing programs in Northeastern Brazil: a curricular framework study. / A formação em saúde coletiva nos cursos de fonoaudiologia de instituições públicas do Nordeste: um estudo a partir das matrizes curriculares.

PURPOSE: To describe the characteristics of the initial public health training for speech-language-hearing therapists in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The research was based on the curricular framework of public higher education institutions in the Northeast. The analysis approached each institution's general speech-language-hearing program data (state where it is located, total course load, and most recent curricular framework reformulation) and specific data on public health courses (their individual course load, the term when it is offered, syllabus content, whether it was theoretical, practical, both, or internship, and whether it was required or elective). RESULTS: The data show that eight public higher education institutions in the Northeast offer speech-language-hearing programs, whose pedagogical frameworks date from 2009 to 2021. The total course load of those related to public health ranges from 7.5% to 20.5% of the total program among those analyzed. Most courses were elective, exclusively theoretical, and were offered in the first half of the program. CONCLUSION: The initial public health training for speech-language-hearing therapists in public higher education institutions in the Northeast still seems to be based on traditional practices. These create a distance between students, public health, and practices that meet the principles of Health Unic System (in Portuguese - Sistema Único de Saúde) and the population's real needs, especially in primary healthcare.

OBJETIVO: Descrever as características da formação inicial em saúde coletiva de fonoaudiólogos do Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODO: A pesquisa foi realizada com base nas matrizes curriculares de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas do Nordeste a partir das quais foram analisados dados gerais dos cursos de Fonoaudiologia de cada Instituição ー estado em que está localizado, carga horária total e última reformulação de matriz curricular; e dados que diziam respeito especificamente às disciplinas relacionadas à Saúde Coletiva ー carga horária de cada disciplina, semestre de oferta, conteúdo da ementa, caráter teórico, prático, teórico-prático ou estágio, se obrigatória ou optativa. RESULTADOS: Os dados revelam que existem oito IES públicas do nordeste que oferecem o curso de Fonoaudiologia, sendo que os Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos datam de 2009 a 2021. A Carga Horária (CH) total das disciplinas vinculadas à área de Saúde Coletiva varia de 7,5% a 20,5% da CH total dos cursos analisados. A maioria destas disciplinas é eletiva, tem caráter teórico e é ofertada na primeira metade da formação. CONCLUSÃO: A formação inicial em saúde coletiva de fonoaudiólogos de IES públicas do nordeste parece ainda estar embasada em práticas tradicionais, que acabam distanciando os discentes do campo da saúde coletiva e de práticas que atendam os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde, e as reais necessidades da população, especialmente na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma 3D organoids to predict effective drug combinations: A proof-of-concept on cell death inducers.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the main form of pediatric soft-tissue sarcoma. Its cure rate has not notably improved in the last 20 years following relapse, and the lack of reliable preclinical models has hampered the design of new therapies. This is particularly true for highly heterogeneous fusion-negative RMS (FNRMS). Although methods have been proposed to establish FNRMS organoids, their efficiency remains limited to date, both in terms of derivation rate and ability to accurately mimic the original tumor. Here, we present the development of a next-generation 3D organoid model derived from relapsed adult and pediatric FNRMS. This model preserves the molecular features of the patients' tumors and is expandable for several months in 3D, reinforcing its interest to drug combination screening with longitudinal efficacy monitoring. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate its preclinical relevance by reevaluating the therapeutic opportunities of targeting apoptosis in FNRMS from a streamlined approach based on transcriptomic data exploitation.

Design and optimization of an improved qPCR assay for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum.

Background: This study aimed at improving a real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum, a fungal pathogen that can cause severe respiratory infections in humans, in clinical and soil samples. Methods: Primer and probes were in-silico designed, in-silico and in-vitro evaluated including clinical biopsy materials and finally subjected to a real-world application with collected soil samples. Results: Applying the qPCR assay with liver and lung biopsies from 71 patients each, including 59 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as with Sabouraud (SAB) agar culture as the diagnostic reference standard, diagnostic accuracy of the qPCR assay of 100% (5/5) sensitivity and 96% (63/66) specificity for liver samples and 100% (4/4) sensitivity and 94% (63/67) specificity for the lung samples was recorded. When applying the assay with soil samples from caves near of Presidente Figueiredo city, Amazonas, Brazil, one sample from the Maroaga cave was confirmed as positive. Conclusions: The improved qPCR assessed in this study was successful in detecting H. capsulatum with high efficiency and accuracy in in-vitro evaluation, including the identification of the target pathogen in both clinical and environmental samples.